NAME
    BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX
     busybox <applet> [arguments...]  # or

     <applet> [arguments...]          # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
    BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
    single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of
    the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The
    utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their
    full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included
    provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
    counterparts.

    BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in
    mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude
    commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize
    your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc,
    and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment
    for any small or embedded system.

    BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
    components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
    'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
    Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

    After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
    BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target
    directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when
    configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
    install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
    CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet installation
    scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also be installed
    in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.

USAGE
    BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
    program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
    That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary
    acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller
    since all the built-in utility programs (we call them applets) can share
    code for many common operations.

    You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
    command line. For example, entering

            /bin/busybox ls

    will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

    Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So
    most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.

    For example, entering

            ln -s /bin/busybox ls
            ./ls

    will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
    compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
    make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
    for you when you run the 'make install' command.

    If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list
    of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

COMMON OPTIONS
    Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
    runtime description of their behavior. If the
    CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
    usage information will also be available.

COMMANDS
    Currently available applets include:

            ash, awk, base64, basename, beep, blockdev, cat, chmod, chvt, clear,
            cp, crond, crontab, cttyhack, cut, date, dd, depmod, devmem, df,
            dhcprelay, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, du, dumpleases, echo,
            egrep, env, expr, false, fdisk, fgconsole, fgrep, flash_eraseall,
            flash_lock, flash_unlock, flashcp, fsync, getty, grep, halt, head,
            hexdump, hostname, httpd, ifconfig, ifplugd, init, insmod, iostat,
            kill, killall, linuxrc, ln, login, ls, lsmod, lsusb, makedevs, mdev,
            mesg, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfs.vfat, modinfo, modprobe, mount, mpstat,
            mv, nbd-client, nc, netstat, ntpd, pgrep, pidof, ping, pivot_root,
            pkill, pmap, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, readlink, realpath, reboot,
            reset, rfkill, rm, rmmod, route, sed, setserial, sh, sleep, stat,
            swapoff, swapon, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tail, tar, tcpsvd, tftp,
            top, touch, tr, true, udhcpc, udhcpd, umount, unzip, users, usleep,
            vi, watchdog, which, who, xargs, yes

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
    ash ash [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 [ARGS]] / FILE
        [ARGS]]

        Unix shell interpreter

    awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...

                -v VAR=VAL      Set variable
                -F SEP          Use SEP as field separator
                -f FILE         Read program from FILE

    base64
        base64 [-d] [FILE]

        Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output -d Decode data

    basename
        basename FILE [SUFFIX]

        Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE

    beep
        beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n

                -f      Frequency in Hz
                -l      Length in ms
                -d      Delay in ms
                -r      Repetitions
                -n      Start new tone

    blockdev
        blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV

                --setro         Set ro
                --setrw         Set rw
                --getro         Get ro
                --getss         Get sector size
                --getbsz        Get block size
                --setbsz BYTES  Set block size
                --getsz         Get device size in 512-byte sectors
                --getsize64     Get device size in bytes
                --flushbufs     Flush buffers
                --rereadpt      Reread partition table

    cat cat [FILE]...

        Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout

    chmod
        chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

        Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-=
        and one or more of the letters rwxst

                -R      Recurse

    chvt
        chvt N

        Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

    clear
        clear

        Clear screen

    cp  cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST

        Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

                -a      Same as -dpR
                -R,-r   Recurse
                -d,-P   Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
                -L      Follow all symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -p      Preserve file attributes if possible
                -f      Overwrite
                -i      Prompt before overwrite
                -l,-s   Create (sym)links

    crond
        crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR

                -f      Foreground
                -b      Background (default)
                -S      Log to syslog (default)
                -l      Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
                -d      Set log level, log to stderr
                -L      Log to file
                -c      Working dir

    crontab
        crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]

                -c      Crontab directory
                -u      User
                -l      List crontab
                -e      Edit crontab
                -r      Delete crontab
                FILE    Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)

    cttyhack
        cttyhack PROG ARGS

        Give PROG a controlling tty if possible. Example for /etc/inittab
        (for busybox init): ::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh Giving
        controlling tty to shell running with PID 1: $ exec cttyhack sh
        Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:

                setsid cttyhack sh

    cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print selected fields from each input FILE to stdout

                -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
                -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
                -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
                -s      Output only the lines containing delimiter
                -f N    Print only these fields
                -n      Ignored

    date
        date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]

        Display time (using +FMT), or set time

                [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME
                -u,--utc        Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
                -R,--rfc-2822   Output RFC-2822 compliant date string
                -I[SPEC]        Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
                                SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
                                'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
                                time to the indicated precision
                -r,--reference FILE     Display last modification time of FILE
                -d,--date TIME  Display TIME, not 'now'
                -D FMT          Use FMT for -d TIME conversion

        Recognized TIME formats:

                hh:mm[:ss]
                [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
                YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
                [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]

    dd  dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
        [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]

        Copy a file with converting and formatting

                if=FILE         Read from FILE instead of stdin
                of=FILE         Write to FILE instead of stdout
                bs=N            Read and write N bytes at a time
                ibs=N           Read N bytes at a time
                obs=N           Write N bytes at a time
                count=N         Copy only N input blocks
                skip=N          Skip N input blocks
                seek=N          Skip N output blocks
                conv=notrunc    Don't truncate output file
                conv=noerror    Continue after read errors
                conv=sync       Pad blocks with zeros
                conv=fsync      Physically write data out before finishing

        Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k
        (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
        (x1073741824)

    devmem
        devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]

        Read/write from physical address

                ADDRESS Address to act upon
                WIDTH   Width (8/16/...)
                VALUE   Data to be written

    df  df [-Pkmh] [FILESYSTEM]...

        Print filesystem usage statistics

                -P      POSIX output format
                -k      1024-byte blocks (default)
                -m      1M-byte blocks
                -h      Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)

    dhcprelay
        dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]

        Relay DHCP requests between clients and server

    dirname
        dirname FILENAME

        Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

    dmesg
        dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

        Print or control the kernel ring buffer

                -c              Clear ring buffer after printing
                -n LEVEL        Set console logging level
                -s SIZE         Buffer size

    du  du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

        Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space
        is printed in units of 1024 bytes.

                -a      Show file sizes too
                -L      Follow all symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -d N    Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
                -c      Show grand total
                -l      Count sizes many times if hard linked
                -s      Display only a total for each argument
                -x      Skip directories on different filesystems
                -h      Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
                -m      Sizes in megabytes
                -k      Sizes in kilobytes (default)

    dumpleases
        dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]

        Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd

                -f,--file=FILE  Lease file
                -r,--remaining  Show remaining time
                -a,--absolute   Show expiration time

    echo
        echo [-neE] [ARG]...

        Print the specified ARGs to stdout

                -n      Suppress trailing newline
                -e      Interpret backslash escapes (i.e., \t=tab)
                -E      Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)

    env env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG ARGS]

        Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the
        specified environment

                -, -i   Start with an empty environment
                -u      Remove variable from the environment

    expr
        expr EXPRESSION

        Print the value of EXPRESSION to stdout

        EXPRESSION may be:

                ARG1 | ARG2     ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
                ARG1 & ARG2     ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
                ARG1 < ARG2     1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
                ARG1 <= ARG2
                ARG1 = ARG2
                ARG1 != ARG2
                ARG1 >= ARG2
                ARG1 > ARG2
                ARG1 + ARG2     Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
                ARG1 - ARG2
                ARG1 * ARG2
                ARG1 / ARG2
                ARG1 % ARG2
                STRING : REGEXP         Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
                match STRING REGEXP     Same as STRING : REGEXP
                substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
                index STRING CHARS      Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
                length STRING           Length of STRING
                quote TOKEN             Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
                                        it is a keyword like 'match' or an
                                        operator like '/'
                (EXPRESSION)            Value of EXPRESSION

        Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
        Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
        lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
        \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
        of characters matched or 0.

    false
        false

        Return an exit code of FALSE (1)

    fdisk
        fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK

        Change partition table

                -u              Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
                -l              Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
                -b 2048         (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
                -C CYLINDERS    Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
                -H HEADS
                -S SECTORS

    fgconsole
        fgconsole

        Get active console

    flash_eraseall
        flash_eraseall [-jq] MTD_DEVICE

        Erase an MTD device

                -j      Format the device for jffs2
                -q      Don't display progress messages

    flash_lock
        flash_lock MTD_DEVICE OFFSET SECTORS

        Lock part or all of an MTD device. If SECTORS is -1, then all
        sectors will be locked, regardless of the value of OFFSET

    flash_unlock
        flash_unlock MTD_DEVICE

        Unlock an MTD device

    flashcp
        flashcp -v FILE MTD_DEVICE

        Copy an image to MTD device

                -v      Verbose

    fsync
        fsync [-d] FILE...

        Write files' buffered blocks to disk

                -d      Avoid syncing metadata

    getty
        getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE]

        Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login

                -h              Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control
                -L              Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state)
                -m              Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
                -n              Don't prompt for login name
                -w              Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
                -i              Don't display /etc/issue
                -f ISSUE_FILE   Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
                -l LOGIN        Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
                -t SEC          Terminate after SEC if no login name is read
                -I INITSTR      Send INITSTR before anything else
                -H HOST         Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname

        BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged

    grep
        grep [-HhnlLoqvsriwFE] [-m N] [-A/B/C N] PATTERN/-e PATTERN.../-f
        FILE [FILE]...

        Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)

                -H      Add 'filename:' prefix
                -h      Do not add 'filename:' prefix
                -n      Add 'line_no:' prefix
                -l      Show only names of files that match
                -L      Show only names of files that don't match
                -c      Show only count of matching lines
                -o      Show only the matching part of line
                -q      Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
                -v      Select non-matching lines
                -s      Suppress open and read errors
                -r      Recurse
                -i      Ignore case
                -w      Match whole words only
                -F      PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
                -E      PATTERN is an extended regexp
                -m N    Match up to N times per file
                -A N    Print N lines of trailing context
                -B N    Print N lines of leading context
                -C N    Same as '-A N -B N'
                -e PTRN Pattern to match
                -f FILE Read pattern from file

    halt
        halt [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] [-w]

        Halt the system

                -d SEC  Delay interval
                -n      Do not sync
                -f      Force (don't go through init)
                -w      Only write a wtmp record

    head
        head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more
        than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.

                -n N[kbm]       Print first N lines
                -c N[kbm]       Print first N bytes
                -q              Never print headers
                -v              Always print headers

        N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2).

    hexdump
        hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] [FILE]...

        Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format

                -b              One-byte octal display
                -c              One-byte character display
                -C              Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
                -d              Two-byte decimal display
                -e FORMAT_STRING
                -f FORMAT_FILE
                -n LENGTH       Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
                -o              Two-byte octal display
                -s OFFSET       Skip OFFSET bytes
                -v              Display all input data
                -x              Two-byte hexadecimal display
                -R              Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'

    hostname
        hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]

        Get or set hostname or DNS domain name

                -s      Short
                -i      Addresses for the hostname
                -d      DNS domain name
                -f      Fully qualified domain name
                -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname

    httpd
        httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r
        REALM] [-h HOME] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING

        Listen for incoming HTTP requests

                -i              Inetd mode
                -f              Don't daemonize
                -v[v]           Verbose
                -p [IP:]PORT    Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80)
                -u USER[:GRP]   Set uid/gid after binding to port
                -r REALM        Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
                -h HOME         Home directory (default .)
                -c FILE         Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf)
                -m STRING       MD5 crypt STRING
                -e STRING       HTML encode STRING
                -d STRING       URL decode STRING

    ifconfig
        ifconfig [-a] interface [address]

        Configure a network interface

                [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
                [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
                [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
                [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
                [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
                [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
                [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
                [up|down] ...

    ifplugd
        ifplugd [OPTIONS]

        Network interface plug detection daemon

                -n              Don't daemonize
                -s              Don't log to syslog
                -i IFACE        Interface
                -f/-F           Treat link detection error as link down/link up
                                (otherwise exit on error)
                -a              Don't up interface at each link probe
                -M              Monitor creation/destruction of interface
                                (otherwise it must exist)
                -r PROG         Script to run
                -x ARG          Extra argument for script
                -I              Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script
                -p              Don't run script on daemon startup
                -q              Don't run script on daemon quit
                -l              Run script on startup even if no cable is detected
                -t SECS         Poll time in seconds
                -u SECS         Delay before running script after link up
                -d SECS         Delay after link down
                -m MODE         API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto)
                -k              Kill running daemon

    init
        init

        Init is the parent of all processes

    insmod
        insmod FILE [SYMBOL=VALUE]...

        Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel

    iostat
        iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL
        [COUNT]]

        Report CPU and I/O statistics

                -c      Show CPU utilization
                -d      Show device utilization
                -t      Print current time
                -z      Omit devices with no activity
                -k      Use kb/s
                -m      Use Mb/s

    kill
        kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs

                -l      List all signal names and numbers

    killall
        killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...

        Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes

                -l      List all signal names and numbers
                -q      Don't complain if no processes were killed

    ln  ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIR

        Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)

                -s      Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
                -f      Remove existing destinations
                -n      Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
                -b      Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
                -S suf  Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files

    login
        login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]

        Begin a new session on the system

                -f      Don't authenticate (user already authenticated)
                -h      Name of the remote host
                -p      Preserve environment

    ls  ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinsehrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

        List directory contents

                -1      One column output
                -a      Include entries which start with .
                -A      Like -a, but exclude . and ..
                -C      List by columns
                -x      List by lines
                -d      List directory entries instead of contents
                -L      Follow symlinks
                -H      Follow symlinks on command line
                -R      Recurse
                -p      Append / to dir entries
                -F      Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
                -l      Long listing format
                -i      List inode numbers
                -n      List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
                -s      List allocated blocks
                -e      List full date and time
                -h      List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)
                -r      Sort in reverse order
                -S      Sort by size
                -X      Sort by extension
                -v      Sort by version
                -c      With -l: sort by ctime
                -t      With -l: sort by mtime
                -u      With -l: sort by atime
                -w N    Assume the terminal is N columns wide
                --color[={always,never,auto}]   Control coloring

    lsmod
        lsmod

        List the currently loaded kernel modules

    makedevs
        makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir

        Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
        Device table entries take the form of:

        <name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc>
        <count> Where name is the file name, type can be one of: f Regular
        file d Directory c Character device b Block device p Fifo (named
        pipe) uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id
        for the target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc)
        apply to to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank
        entries.

    mdev
        mdev [-s]

                -s      Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot

        It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo
        /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with
        lines [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]

    mesg
        mesg [y|n]

        Control write access to your terminal y Allow write access to your
        terminal n Disallow write access to your terminal

    mkdir
        mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...

        Create DIRECTORY

                -m MODE Mode
                -p      No error if exists; make parent directories as needed

    mkdosfs
        mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a FAT32 filesystem

                -v      Verbose
                -n LBL  Volume label

    mkfs.vfat
        mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

        Make a FAT32 filesystem

                -v      Verbose
                -n LBL  Volume label

    modinfo
        modinfo [-adlp0] [-F keyword] MODULE

                -a              Shortcut for '-F author'
                -d              Shortcut for '-F description'
                -l              Shortcut for '-F license'
                -p              Shortcut for '-F parm'
                -F keyword      Keyword to look for
                -0              Separate output with NULs

    modprobe
        modprobe [-alrqvsDb] MODULE [symbol=value]...

                -a      Load multiple MODULEs
                -l      List (MODULE is a pattern)
                -r      Remove MODULE (stacks) or do autoclean
                -q      Quiet
                -v      Verbose
                -s      Log to syslog
                -D      Show dependencies
                -b      Apply blacklist to module names too

    mount
        mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE

        Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.

                -a              Mount all filesystems in fstab
                -f              Dry run
                -r              Read-only mount
                -w              Read-write mount (default)
                -t FSTYPE       Filesystem type
                -O OPT          Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
        -o OPT:
                loop            Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
                remount         Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
                ro/rw           Same as -r/-w

        There are filesystem-specific -o flags.

    mpstat
        mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL
        [COUNT]]

        Per-processor statistics

                -A                      Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL
                -I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU     Report interrupt statistics
                -P num|ALL              Processor to monitor
                -u                      Report CPU utilization

    mv  mv [-fin] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... DIRECTORY

        Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

                -f      Don't prompt before overwriting
                -i      Interactive, prompt before overwrite
                -n      Don't overwrite an existing file

    nbd-client
        nbd-client HOST PORT BLOCKDEV

        Connect to HOST and provide a network block device on BLOCKDEV

    nc  nc [-iN] [-wN] [-l] [-p PORT] [-f FILE|IPADDR PORT] [-e PROG]

        Open a pipe to IP:PORT or FILE

                -e PROG Run PROG after connect
                -l      Listen mode, for inbound connects
                        (use -l twice with -e for persistent server)
                -p PORT Local port
                -w SEC  Timeout for connect
                -i SEC  Delay interval for lines sent
                -f FILE Use file (ala /dev/ttyS0) instead of network

    netstat
        netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]

        Display networking information

                -r      Routing table
                -a      All sockets
                -l      Listening sockets
                        Else: connected sockets
                -t      TCP sockets
                -u      UDP sockets
                -w      Raw sockets
                -x      Unix sockets
                        Else: all socket types
                -e      Other/more information
                -n      Don't resolve names
                -W      Wide display
                -p      Show PID/program name for sockets

    ntpd
        ntpd [-dnqNwl] [-S PROG] [-p PEER]...

        NTP client/server

                -d      Verbose
                -n      Do not daemonize
                -q      Quit after clock is set
                -N      Run at high priority
                -w      Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n
                -l      Run as server on port 123
                -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 mins
                -p PEER Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated)

    pgrep
        pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

        Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

                -l      Show command name too
                -f      Match against entire command line
                -n      Show the newest process only
                -o      Show the oldest process only
                -v      Negate the match
                -x      Match whole name (not substring)
                -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
                -P      Match parent process ID

    pidof
        pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME]...

        List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

                -s      Show only one PID
                -o PID  Omit given pid
                        Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

    ping
        ping [OPTIONS] HOST

        Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts

                -4,-6           Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
                -c CNT          Send only CNT pings
                -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
                -t TTL          Set TTL
                -I IFACE/IP     Use interface or IP address as source
                -W SEC          Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
                                (after all -c CNT packets are sent)
                -w SEC          Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
                                (can exit earlier with -c CNT)
                -q              Quiet, only displays output at start
                                and when finished

    pivot_root
        pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD

        Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
        new root file system

    pkill
        pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

        Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

                -l      List all signals
                -f      Match against entire command line
                -n      Signal the newest process only
                -o      Signal the oldest process only
                -v      Negate the match
                -x      Match whole name (not substring)
                -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
                -P      Match parent process ID

    pmap
        pmap [-xq] PID

        Display detailed process memory usage

                -x      Show details
                -q      Quiet

    poweroff
        poweroff [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]

        Halt and shut off power

                -d SEC  Delay interval
                -n      Do not sync
                -f      Force (don't go through init)

    printf
        printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...

        Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT
        controls the output exactly as in C printf

    ps  ps

        Show list of processes

                w       Wide output

    pwd pwd

        Print the full filename of the current working directory

    readlink
        readlink [-fnv] FILE

        Display the value of a symlink

                -f      Canonicalize by following all symlinks
                -n      Don't add newline
                -v      Verbose

    realpath
        realpath FILE...

        Return the absolute pathnames of given FILE

    reboot
        reboot [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f]

        Reboot the system

                -d SEC  Delay interval
                -n      Do not sync
                -f      Force (don't go through init)

    reset
        reset

        Reset the screen

    rfkill
        rfkill COMMAND [INDEX|TYPE]

        Enable/disable wireless devices

        Commands:

                list [INDEX|TYPE]       List current state
                block INDEX|TYPE        Disable device
                unblock INDEX|TYPE      Enable device

                TYPE: all, wlan(wifi), bluetooth, uwb(ultrawideband),
                        wimax, wwan, gps, fm

    rm  rm [-irf] FILE...

        Remove (unlink) FILEs

                -i      Always prompt before removing
                -f      Never prompt
                -R,-r   Recurse

    rmmod
        rmmod [-wfa] [MODULE]...

        Unload kernel modules

                -w      Wait until the module is no longer used
                -f      Force unload
                -a      Remove all unused modules (recursively)

    route
        route [{add|del|delete}]

        Edit kernel routing tables

                -n      Don't resolve names
                -e      Display other/more information
                -A inet Select address family

    sed sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...

                -e CMD  Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
                -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
                -i      Edit files in-place (else sends result to stdout)
                -n      Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
                -r      Use extended regex syntax

        If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command
        string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).

    setserial
        setserial [-gabGvzV] DEVICE [PARAMETER [ARG]]...

        Request or set Linux serial port information

                -g      Interpret parameters as list of devices for reporting
                -a      Print all available information
                -b      Print summary information
                -G      Print in form which can be fed back
                        to setserial as command line parameters
                -z      Zero out serial flags before setting
                -v      Verbose

        Parameters: (* = takes an argument, ^ = can be turned off by
        preceding ^) *port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baund_base,
        *close_delay, *closing_wait, ^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak,
        ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout, ^callout_nohup, ^split_termios,
        ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig, spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi,
        spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust

        UART types:

                unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750,
                16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7,
                U6_16550A

    sh  sh [-/+OPTIONS] [-/+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 [ARGS]] / FILE
        [ARGS]]

        Unix shell interpreter

    sleep
        sleep [N]...

        Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
        arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or
        (d)ays

    stat
        stat [OPTIONS] FILE...

        Display file (default) or filesystem status

                -c fmt  Use the specified format
                -f      Display filesystem status
                -L      Follow links
                -t      Display info in terse form

        Valid format sequences for files:

         %a     Access rights in octal
         %A     Access rights in human readable form
         %b     Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
         %B     The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
         %d     Device number in decimal
         %D     Device number in hex
         %f     Raw mode in hex
         %F     File type
         %g     Group ID of owner
         %G     Group name of owner
         %h     Number of hard links
         %i     Inode number
         %n     File name
         %N     File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
         %o     I/O block size
         %s     Total size, in bytes
         %t     Major device type in hex
         %T     Minor device type in hex
         %u     User ID of owner
         %U     User name of owner
         %x     Time of last access
         %X     Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
         %y     Time of last modification
         %Y     Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
         %z     Time of last change
         %Z     Time of last change as seconds since Epoch

        Valid format sequences for file systems:

         %a     Free blocks available to non-superuser
         %b     Total data blocks in file system
         %c     Total file nodes in file system
         %d     Free file nodes in file system
         %f     Free blocks in file system
         %i     File System ID in hex
         %l     Maximum length of filenames
         %n     File name
         %s     Block size (for faster transfer)
         %S     Fundamental block size (for block counts)
         %t     Type in hex
         %T     Type in human readable form

    swapoff
        swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]

        Stop swapping on DEVICE

                -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

    swapon
        swapon [-a] [-p PRI] [DEVICE]

        Start swapping on DEVICE

                -a      Start swapping on all swap devices
                -p PRI  Set swap device priority

    sync
        sync

        Write all buffered blocks to disk

    sysctl
        sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]...

        Configure kernel parameters at runtime

                -n      Don't print key names
                -e      Don't warn about unknown keys
                -w      Change sysctl setting
                -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
                -a      Display all values
                -A      Display all values in table form

    syslogd
        syslogd [OPTIONS]

        System logging utility

                -n              Run in foreground
                -O FILE         Log to FILE (default:/var/log/messages)
                -l N            Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1-8)
                -S              Smaller output
                -s SIZE         Max size (KB) before rotation (default:200KB, 0=off)
                -b N            N rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge)
                -R HOST[:PORT]  Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
                -L              Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
                -D              Drop duplicates
                -C[size_kb]     Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it)
                -f FILE         Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf)

    tail
        tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or stdin) to stdout. With more
        than one FILE, precede each with a filename header.

                -f              Print data as file grows
                -s SECONDS      Wait SECONDS between reads with -f
                -n N[kbm]       Print last N lines
                -c N[kbm]       Print last N bytes
                -q              Never print headers
                -v              Always print headers

        N may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (x1024^2). If N
        starts with a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of
        each file, not from the end.

    tar tar -[cxtzhmvO] [-X FILE] [-T FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]...

        Create, extract, or list files from a tar file

        Operation:

                c       Create
                x       Extract
                t       List
                f       Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
                C       Change to DIR before operation
                v       Verbose
                z       (De)compress using gzip
                O       Extract to stdout
                h       Follow symlinks
                m       Don't restore mtime
                exclude File to exclude
                X       File with names to exclude
                T       File with names to include

    tcpsvd
        tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT
        PROG

        Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming
        connection. Run PROG for each connection.

                IP              IP to listen on, 0 = all
                PORT            Port to listen on
                PROG ARGS       Program to run
                -l NAME         Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
                -u USER[:GRP]   Change to user/group after bind
                -c N            Handle up to N connections simultaneously
                -b N            Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs
                -C N[:MSG]      Allow only up to N connections from the same IP
                                New connections from this IP address are closed
                                immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close
                -h              Look up peer's hostname
                -E              Don't set up environment variables
                -v              Verbose

    tftp
        tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]

        Transfer a file from/to tftp server

                -l FILE Local FILE
                -r FILE Remote FILE
                -g      Get file
                -p      Put file
                -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets

    top top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] [-m]

        Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of
        all processes from /proc each SECONDS and display a screenful of
        them. Keys:

                N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time
                S: show memory
                R: reverse sort
                H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP
                Q,^C: exit

        Options:

                -b      Batch mode
                -n N    Exit after N iterations
                -d N    Delay between updates
                -m      Same as 's' key

    touch
        touch [-c] FILE [FILE]...

        Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]

                -c      Don't create files

    tr  tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

        Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to
        stdout

                -c      Take complement of STRING1
                -d      Delete input characters coded STRING1
                -s      Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

    true
        true

        Return an exit code of TRUE (0)

    udhcpc
        udhcpc [-fbnqvoCRB] [-i IFACE] [-r IP] [-s PROG] [-p PIDFILE] [-H
        HOSTNAME] [-V VENDOR] [-x OPT:VAL]... [-O OPT]...

                -i,--interface IFACE    Interface to use (default eth0)
                -p,--pidfile FILE       Create pidfile
                -s,--script PROG        Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
                -B,--broadcast          Request broadcast replies
                -t,--retries N          Send up to N discover packets
                -T,--timeout N          Pause between packets (default 3 seconds)
                -A,--tryagain N         Wait N seconds after failure (default 20)
                -f,--foreground         Run in foreground
                -b,--background         Background if lease is not obtained
                -n,--now                Exit if lease is not obtained
                -q,--quit               Exit after obtaining lease
                -R,--release            Release IP on exit
                -S,--syslog             Log to syslog too
                -a,--arping             Use arping to validate offered address
                -O,--request-option OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
                -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is given)
                -r,--request IP         Request this IP address
                -x OPT:VAL              Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
                                        Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts:
                                        -x hostname:bbox - option 12
                                        -x lease:3600 - option 51 (lease time)
                                        -x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE - option 61 (client id)
                -F,--fqdn NAME          Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME
                -H,-h,--hostname NAME   Send NAME as client hostname (default none)
                -V,--vendorclass VENDOR Vendor identifier (default 'udhcp VERSION')
                -C,--clientid-none      Don't send MAC as client identifier
                -v                      Verbose
        Signals:

                USR1    Renew current lease
                USR2    Release current lease

    udhcpd
        udhcpd [-fS] [CONFFILE]

        DHCP server

                -f      Run in foreground
                -S      Log to syslog too

    umount
        umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY

        Unmount file systems

                -a      Unmount all file systems
                -r      Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
                -l      Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
                -f      Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
                -d      Free loop device if it has been used

    unzip
        unzip [-opts[modifiers]] FILE[.zip] [LIST] [-x XLIST] [-d DIR]

        Extract files from ZIP archives

                -l      List archive contents (with -q for short form)
                -n      Never overwrite files (default)
                -o      Overwrite
                -p      Send output to stdout
                -q      Quiet
                -x XLST Exclude these files
                -d DIR  Extract files into DIR

    users
        users

        Print the users currently logged on

    usleep
        usleep N

        Pause for N microseconds

    vi  vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

        Edit FILE

                -c      Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
                -H      Short help regarding available features

    watchdog
        watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV

        Periodically write to watchdog device DEV

                -T N    Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
                -t N    Reset every N seconds (default 30)
                -F      Run in foreground

        Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds

    which
        which [COMMAND]...

        Locate a COMMAND

    who who [-a]

        Show who is logged on

                -a      Show all

    xargs
        xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]

        Run PROG on every item given by stdin

                -p      Ask user whether to run each command
                -r      Don't run command if input is empty
                -0      Input is separated by NUL characters
                -t      Print the command on stderr before execution
                -e[STR] STR stops input processing
                -n N    Pass no more than N args to PROG
                -s N    Pass command line of no more than N bytes
                -x      Exit if size is exceeded

    yes yes [STRING]

        Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'

LIBC NSS
    GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
    behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
    how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. This
    is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using
    one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using
    any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login
    and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.

    If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions
    to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files
    without using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the
    need for installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.

    When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
    require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
    particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
    and /lib/libresolv*).

    Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
    uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc
    does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.

MAINTAINER
    Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>

AUTHORS
    The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
    it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
    probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If
    you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
    needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.

    Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> run-parts

    Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

        Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
        core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
        Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
        nobody is going to actually read.

    Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>

        rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm

    Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>

        ftpput, ftpget

    Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

        expr, hostid, logname, whoami

    John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>

        du, nslookup, sort

    Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

        tiny-ls(ls)

    Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

        fbset, ping, hostname

    Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

        more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
        various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance

    Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>

        ipcalc

    Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>

        tftp client insmod powerpc support

    Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>

        pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.

    Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>

        httpd

    Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>

        Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
        logread), various fixes.

    Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

        cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.

    Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

        mktemp.c

    Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>

        documentation, bugfixes, test suite

    Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>

        ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence

    John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

        tr

    Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>

        Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
        nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
        Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.

    Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>

        cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
        mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
        get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines

        also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
        ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
        mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
        interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route

    Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

        cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
        ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
        locale, various fixes
        and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.

    Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

        Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
        still be found hiding here and there...

    Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>

        bug fixes, member of fan club

    Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>

        reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.

    Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

        wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications

    Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

        Lots of bugs fixes and patches.

    Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

        Remote logging feature for syslogd

    Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

        mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix

    Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>

        grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
        style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.

    Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

        gzip, mini-netcat(nc)

    Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

        tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance

    Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>

        devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.

    Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us>

        vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes

    Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name>

        port: dnsd

    Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com>

        misc

    Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>

        initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc

    Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>

        fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)

